Biochip

Biochip

The future device will be used 5th generation computer made of large or gain molecules and genetically engineered proteins is called Biochip.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)A Branch of computer science that refers to the use of computer in such away that they are able reason and draw recognize voice and have language processing ability is called Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Microprocessor

Microprocessor

The microprocessor is a computer processor built onto a single piece of silicon, known as a wafer or chip.
First microprocessor is Intel 4004 developed by American Intel Corporation 1n 1971.
Used in forth generation computer as a major components.

Integrated circuits(IC)

Integrated circuits(IC) Integrated circuits were made possible by experimental discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes, and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors.
Use in Third generation of computer major components.

Transistor

Transistor Transistor
Short for: transfer resistor
Transistor is a solid semi conductor device which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization single modulation etc.
Transistor transfer a single from a few resistance to high resistance.
Transistor was invited in 1974 by three Bell Lab John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley.
Used in second generation computers as major components.

Vacuum Tubes

Vacuum Tubes

The vacuum tubes was invented by Lee De Forest in 1907.
Lee De Forest was born o\in Council Bluffs, Lowa (USA) In August 26, 1873.
Vacuum Tubes is a set of metal electronic and grids contained in a glass metal tube.
The Vacuum tubes was used in first generation of the computers.
Formerly used for amplification and switching an electronic circuits, now used CRT(Cathode Ray Tube)

Fifth Generation Computer (Present-Beyond)

Fifth Generation Computer (Present-Beyond)
Major components –ULSI(Ultra Large Scale Integration)
The concept of AI(American Intelligence ) has been introduce to take its own decision .
Bio Chips and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) are use has memory device .
Extremely high-speed processing capability.
Larges uses of natural language processing and user friendly.
Few 5th generation of computer project – ICOT program in Japan, MCC project In the USA etc.

Fourth Generation Computer (1971-Present)

Fourth Generation Computer (1971-Present)
Major components – Microprocessor
The size was greatly reduce
The operating speed increased beyond picoseconds.
Many sophisticated programs for special application were available.
Magnetic and optical storage device with capacity more then 500GB were used as secondary memory.
Few 4th generation computers- Pentium I/II/III/IV/V, APPLE II etc.

Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)

Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)
Major components – IC(Integrated Circuit)
Smaller, efficient and more reliable then second generation computer.
The operating speed was measured in terms of micro second.
Magnetic disk were used a secondary memory.
They has input and output device such as keyboard and monitors.
Few 3rd generation computers- IBM 360 Series etc.

Second Generation Computer (1956-1963)

Second Generation Computer (1956-1963)
Major components – Transistor
Smaller and faster then first generation computers.
The operating speed was measured in terms of microsecond.
Magnetic tapes were used as secondary storage media.
They could understand high level language such as COBOL.
Few 2nd generation computers’- LEO Mark III, ATLAC, JCL 1901 etc.

First Generation Computer(1945-1956)

Major components –Vacuum Tubes
Very slow, large in size, consumed a lot of electronic power
The operating speed was measured in terms of millisecond.
Storage capacity was too small only 1 to 4 Kb
They used machine level programming language.
Few 1st Generation computers-Mark-1 ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC etc.

Computer generation

The evolution of modern digital computer took place in five distinct phases known as computer generations, which are classified on the basic of their speed, capacity, reliability components used etc.

First Generation Computer(1945-1956)
Second Generation Computer (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computer (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computer (Present-Beyond)

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer)

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer) Design by Universal Accounting Company & set um by john Mauchly and J.P.Eckert in 1951.
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer consist of magnetic tape for data input and output .
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was the first general – purpose electronic digital computer designed for commercial use.

EDVAC( Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

EDVAC( Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)Design by J.Mauchly and J.P Eckert at Pennsylvania University and was completed in 1950.
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer include a stored – program a central process and memory for both data and program.

EDSAC(Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator

EDSAC(Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator

Design by Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University, mathematical laboratory in 1947.
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator was the first operational stored-program computer.
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator contains 3000 vacuum tubes and operated kilowatt.
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator used a mercury delay line storage system.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator )

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) Design by Dr. John Mauchly and Dr.J.P.Eckert completed in 1946.
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator was built from 18000 vacuum tube ands 70000 resistors.
Power consumed – 5000000 Kilowatt and floor space – 18oo square feet .
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator could add two numbers in 200 microseconds and multiplication of two numbers in 2800 microsecond.

Electronic Computer

Electronic Computer are as followes.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator )

EDSAC(Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator )

EDVAC( Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer)

more information for open this heading.

ABC(Atanasoff- Breey Computer )

ABC(Atanasoff- Breey Computer )First Electromechanically computer.
Built in 1973-1942 at Lowa State University by John V.Atanasoff and Clifford Berry.
Atanasoff- Breey Computer introduced the idea of binary arithmetic and logic circuit.
Atanasoff- Breey Computer used punch cards as secondary storage.